GLOBAL HEALTH INITIATIVE FOR THE PREVENTION OF BULLYING
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Nature and Occurrence of Bullying
Psychosocial Risks Associated with Bullying
Bullying Prevention
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Long Term Impact of Bullying

 

PSYCHOSOCIAL RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH BULLYING
The exposure to bullying as a victim and or as a perpetrator has been documented to be significantly associated with, at least, the following psychosocial risks:
DELINQUENCY1-8
ADOLESCENT PARENTHOOD8,9
ABSENTEEISM10-19
POOR PERFORMANCE20-25
UNEMPLOYMENT26,27
ALCOHOL /DRUG ABUSE28-35
1) Lee Y, Liu X, Watson MW. The Timing Effect of Bullying in Childhood and Adolescence on Developmental Trajectories of Externalizing Behaviors. J Interpers Violence. 2015 Apr 21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25900912
2) Barboza GE. The association between school exclusion, delinquency and subtypes of cyber- and F2F-victimizations: identifying and predicting risk profiles and subtypes using latent class analysis. Child Abuse Negl. 2015 Jan;39:109-22 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25194718
3) Jeong S, Davis J, Han Y. Who becomes more violent among Korean adolescents? Consequences of victimisation in school. Crim Behav Ment Health. 2015 Apr;25(2):141-55. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24912664
4) Sansone RA, Lam C, Wiederman MW Victims of bullying in childhood, criminal outcomes in adulthood. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract. 2013 Feb;17(1):69-72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23384225
5) Bender D, Lösel F. Bullying at school as a predictor of delinquency, violence and other anti-social behaviour in adulthood. Crim Behav Ment Health. 2011 Apr;21(2):99-106. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21370295
6) Ttofi MM, Farrington DP, Lösel F, Loeber R. The predictive efficiency of school bullying versus later offending: a systematic/meta-analytic review of longitudinal studies. Crim Behav Ment Health. 2011 Apr;21(2):80-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21370293
7) Sourander A, Jensen P, Rönning JA, Elonheimo H, Niemelä S, Helenius H,et al Childhood bullies and victims and their risk of criminality in late adolescence: the Finnish From a Boy to a Man study. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2007 Jun;161(6):546-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17548758
8) Lehti V, Sourander A, Klomek A, Niemelä S, Sillanmäki L, Piha J, et al Childhood bullying as a predictor for becoming a teenage mother in Finland. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2011 Jan;20(1):49-55. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21136277
9) Lehti V, Klomek AB, Tamminen T, Moilanen I, Kumpulainen K, Piha J, et al Childhood bullying and becoming a young father in a national cohort of Finnish boys. Scand J Psychol. 2012 Dec;53(6):461-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22924804
10) Steiner RJ, Rasberry CN. Brief report: Associations between in-person and electronic bullying victimization and missing school because of safety concerns among U.S. high school students. J Adolesc. 2015 May 29;43:1-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26043166
11) Slany C, Schütte S, Chastang JF, Parent-Thirion A, Vermeylen G, Niedhammer I. Psychosocial work factors and long sickness absence in Europe. Int J Occup Environ Health. 2014 Jan-Mar;20(1):16-25. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24176393
12) Asfaw AG, Chang CC, Ray TK. Workplace mistreatment and sickness absenteeism from work: results from the 2010 National Health Interview survey. Am J Ind Med. 2014 Feb;57(2):202-13. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24166763
13) Min JY, Park SG, Kim SS, Min KB. Workplace injustice and self-reported disease and absenteeism in South Korea. Am J Ind Med. 2014 Jan;57(1):87-96. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24038205
14) Niedhammer I, Chastang JF, Sultan-Taïeb H, Vermeylen G, Parent-Thirion A. Psychosocial work factors and sickness absence in 31 countries in Europe. Eur J Public Health. 2013 Aug;23(4):622-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23002241
15) Ervasti J, Kivimäki M, Kawachi I, Subramanian SV, Pentti J, Oksanen T,et al School environment as predictor of teacher sick leave: data-linked prospective cohort study. BMC Public Health. 2012 Sep 11;12:770. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22966903
16) Svedberg P, Alexanderson K. Associations between sickness absence and harassment, threats, violence, or discrimination: a cross-sectional study of the Swedish Police. Work. 2012;42(1):83-92. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22635152
17) Ortega A, Christensen KB, Hogh A, Rugulies R, Borg V One-year prospective study on the effect of workplace bullying on long-term sickness absence. J Nurs Manag. 2011 Sep;19(6):752-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21899628
18) Clausen T, Hogh A, Borg V. Acts of offensive behaviour and risk of long-term sickness absence in the Danish elder-care services: a prospective analysis of register-based outcomes. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2012 May;85(4):381-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21769454
19) Kivimäki M, Elovainio M, Vahtera J. Workplace bullying and sickness absence in hospital staff. Occup Environ Med. 2000 Oct;57(10):656-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10984336
20) Trad M, Johnson J. Bullying among radiation therapists: effects on job performance and work environment. Radiol Technol. 2014 Nov-Dec;86(2):122-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25391664
21) Holt MK, Greif Green J, Reid G, DiMeo A, Espelage DL, Felix ED, et al Associations between past bullying experiences and psychosocial and academic functioning among college students. J Am Coll Health. 2014;62(8):552-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25116836
22) Bili? V, Flander GB, Rafajac B. Life satisfaction and school performance of children exposed to classic and cyber peer bullying. Coll Antropol. 2014 Mar;38(1):21-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24851593
23) Wright W, Khatri N. Bullying among nursing staff: relationship with psychological/behavioral responses of nurses and medical errors. Health Care Manage Rev. 2015 Apr-Jun;40(2):139-47. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24566251
24) Lepore SJ, Kliewer W. Violence exposure, sleep disturbance, and poor academic performance in middle school. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2013 Nov;41(8):1179-89. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23315234
25) Strøm IF, Thoresen S, Wentzel-Larsen T, Dyb G. Violence, bullying and academic achievement: a study of 15-year-old adolescents and their school environment. Child Abuse Negl. 2013 Apr;37(4):243-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23298822
26) Glambek M, Skogstad A, Einarsen S. Take it or leave: a five-year prospective study of workplace bullying and indicators of expulsion in working life. Ind Health. 2015;53(2):160-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25475094
27) Varhama LM, Björkqvist K. Relation between school bullying during adolescence and subsequent long-term unemployment in adulthood in a Finnish sample. Psychol Rep. 2005 Apr;96(2):269-72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15941099
28) Kelly EV, Newton NC, Stapinski LA, Slade T, Barrett EL, Conrod PJ,et al Concurrent and prospective associations between bullying victimization and substance use among Australian adolescents. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2015 Jun 19 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26148832
29) King KA, Vidourek RA, Merianos AL. School violent victimization and recent alcohol use and episodic heavy drinking among youth. J Sch Nurs. 2014 Jun;30(3):187-95. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24502971
30) Kim MJ, Catalano RF, Haggerty KP, Abbott RD. Bullying at elementary school and problem behaviour in young adulthood: a study of bullying, violence and substance use from age 11 to age 21. Crim Behav Ment Health. 2011 Apr;21(2):136-44. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21370299
31) Luukkonen AH, Riala K, Hakko H, Räsänen P; Study-70 workgroup. Bullying behaviour and substance abuse among underage psychiatric inpatient adolescents. Eur Psychiatry. 2010 Nov;25(7):382-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20435448
32) Luk JW, Wang J, Simons-Morton BG The co-occurrence of substance use and bullying behaviors among U.S. adolescents: understanding demographic characteristics and social influences. J Adolesc. 2012 Oct;35(5):1351-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22698675
33) Niemelä S, Brunstein-Klomek A, Sillanmäki L, Helenius H, Piha J, Kumpulainen K,  et al Childhood bullying behaviors at age eight and substance use at age 18 among males. A nationwide prospective study. Addict Behav. 2011 Mar;36(3):256-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21146319
34) Tharp-Taylor S, Haviland A, D'Amico EJ. Victimization from mental and physical bullying and substance use in early adolescence. Addict Behav. 2009 Jun-Jul;34(6-7):561-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19398162
35) Srabstein J, Piazza T. Public health, safety and educational risks associated with bullying behaviors in American adolescents. Int J Adolesc Med Health. 2008 Apr-Jun;20(2):223-33. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18714558
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PSYCHOSOCIAL RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH BULLYING

 

The exposure to bullying as a victim and or as a perpetrator has been documented to be significantly associated with, at least, the following psychosocial risks:

 

DELINQUENCY1-8

ADOLESCENT PARENTHOOD8,9

ABSENTEEISM10-19

POOR PERFORMANCE20-25

UNEMPLOYMENT26,27

ALCOHOL /DRUG ABUSE28-35

 

1) Lee Y, Liu X, Watson MW. The Timing Effect of Bullying in Childhood and Adolescence on Developmental Trajectories of Externalizing Behaviors. J Interpers Violence. 2015 Apr 21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25900912


2) Barboza GE. The association between school exclusion, delinquency and subtypes of cyber- and F2F-victimizations: identifying and predicting risk profiles and subtypes using latent class analysis. Child Abuse Negl. 2015 Jan;39:109-22 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25194718


3) Jeong S, Davis J, Han Y. Who becomes more violent among Korean adolescents? Consequences of victimisation in school. Crim Behav Ment Health. 2015 Apr;25(2):141-55. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24912664


4) Sansone RA, Lam C, Wiederman MW Victims of bullying in childhood, criminal outcomes in adulthood. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract. 2013 Feb;17(1):69-72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23384225


5) Bender D, Lösel F. Bullying at school as a predictor of delinquency, violence and other anti-social behaviour in adulthood. Crim Behav Ment Health. 2011 Apr;21(2):99-106. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21370295


6) Ttofi MM, Farrington DP, Lösel F, Loeber R. The predictive efficiency of school bullying versus later offending: a systematic/meta-analytic review of longitudinal studies. Crim Behav Ment Health. 2011 Apr;21(2):80-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21370293


7) Sourander A, Jensen P, Rönning JA, Elonheimo H, Niemelä S, Helenius H,et al Childhood bullies and victims and their risk of criminality in late adolescence: the Finnish From a Boy to a Man study. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2007 Jun;161(6):546-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17548758


8) Lehti V, Sourander A, Klomek A, Niemelä S, Sillanmäki L, Piha J, et al Childhood bullying as a predictor for becoming a teenage mother in Finland. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2011 Jan;20(1):49-55. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21136277


9) Lehti V, Klomek AB, Tamminen T, Moilanen I, Kumpulainen K, Piha J, et al Childhood bullying and becoming a young father in a national cohort of Finnish boys. Scand J Psychol. 2012 Dec;53(6):461-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22924804


10) Steiner RJ, Rasberry CN. Brief report: Associations between in-person and electronic bullying victimization and missing school because of safety concerns among U.S. high school students. J Adolesc. 2015 May 29;43:1-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26043166


11) Slany C, Schütte S, Chastang JF, Parent-Thirion A, Vermeylen G, Niedhammer I. Psychosocial work factors and long sickness absence in Europe. Int J Occup Environ Health. 2014 Jan-Mar;20(1):16-25. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24176393


12) Asfaw AG, Chang CC, Ray TK. Workplace mistreatment and sickness absenteeism from work: results from the 2010 National Health Interview survey. Am J Ind Med. 2014 Feb;57(2):202-13. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24166763


13) Min JY, Park SG, Kim SS, Min KB. Workplace injustice and self-reported disease and absenteeism in South Korea. Am J Ind Med. 2014 Jan;57(1):87-96. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24038205


14) Niedhammer I, Chastang JF, Sultan-Taïeb H, Vermeylen G, Parent-Thirion A. Psychosocial work factors and sickness absence in 31 countries in Europe. Eur J Public Health. 2013 Aug;23(4):622-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23002241


15) Ervasti J, Kivimäki M, Kawachi I, Subramanian SV, Pentti J, Oksanen T,et al School environment as predictor of teacher sick leave: data-linked prospective cohort study. BMC Public Health. 2012 Sep 11;12:770. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22966903


16) Svedberg P, Alexanderson K. Associations between sickness absence and harassment, threats, violence, or discrimination: a cross-sectional study of the Swedish Police. Work. 2012;42(1):83-92. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22635152


17) Ortega A, Christensen KB, Hogh A, Rugulies R, Borg V One-year prospective study on the effect of workplace bullying on long-term sickness absence. J Nurs Manag. 2011 Sep;19(6):752-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21899628


18) Clausen T, Hogh A, Borg V. Acts of offensive behaviour and risk of long-term sickness absence in the Danish elder-care services: a prospective analysis of register-based outcomes. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2012 May;85(4):381-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21769454


19) Kivimäki M, Elovainio M, Vahtera J. Workplace bullying and sickness absence in hospital staff. Occup Environ Med. 2000 Oct;57(10):656-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10984336


20) Trad M, Johnson J. Bullying among radiation therapists: effects on job performance and work environment. Radiol Technol. 2014 Nov-Dec;86(2):122-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25391664


21) Holt MK, Greif Green J, Reid G, DiMeo A, Espelage DL, Felix ED, et al Associations between past bullying experiences and psychosocial and academic functioning among college students. J Am Coll Health. 2014;62(8):552-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25116836


22) Bili? V, Flander GB, Rafajac B. Life satisfaction and school performance of children exposed to classic and cyber peer bullying. Coll Antropol. 2014 Mar;38(1):21-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24851593


23) Wright W, Khatri N. Bullying among nursing staff: relationship with psychological/behavioral responses of nurses and medical errors. Health Care Manage Rev. 2015 Apr-Jun;40(2):139-47. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24566251


24) Lepore SJ, Kliewer W. Violence exposure, sleep disturbance, and poor academic performance in middle school. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2013 Nov;41(8):1179-89. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23315234


25) Strøm IF, Thoresen S, Wentzel-Larsen T, Dyb G. Violence, bullying and academic achievement: a study of 15-year-old adolescents and their school environment. Child Abuse Negl. 2013 Apr;37(4):243-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23298822


26) Glambek M, Skogstad A, Einarsen S. Take it or leave: a five-year prospective study of workplace bullying and indicators of expulsion in working life. Ind Health. 2015;53(2):160-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25475094


27) Varhama LM, Björkqvist K. Relation between school bullying during adolescence and subsequent long-term unemployment in adulthood in a Finnish sample. Psychol Rep. 2005 Apr;96(2):269-72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15941099


28) Kelly EV, Newton NC, Stapinski LA, Slade T, Barrett EL, Conrod PJ,et al Concurrent and prospective associations between bullying victimization and substance use among Australian adolescents. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2015 Jun 19 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26148832


29) King KA, Vidourek RA, Merianos AL. School violent victimization and recent alcohol use and episodic heavy drinking among youth. J Sch Nurs. 2014 Jun;30(3):187-95. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24502971


30) Kim MJ, Catalano RF, Haggerty KP, Abbott RD. Bullying at elementary school and problem behaviour in young adulthood: a study of bullying, violence and substance use from age 11 to age 21. Crim Behav Ment Health. 2011 Apr;21(2):136-44. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21370299


31) Luukkonen AH, Riala K, Hakko H, Räsänen P; Study-70 workgroup. Bullying behaviour and substance abuse among underage psychiatric inpatient adolescents. Eur Psychiatry. 2010 Nov;25(7):382-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20435448


32) Luk JW, Wang J, Simons-Morton BG The co-occurrence of substance use and bullying behaviors among U.S. adolescents: understanding demographic characteristics and social influences. J Adolesc. 2012 Oct;35(5):1351-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22698675


33) Niemelä S, Brunstein-Klomek A, Sillanmäki L, Helenius H, Piha J, Kumpulainen K,  et al Childhood bullying behaviors at age eight and substance use at age 18 among males. A nationwide prospective study. Addict Behav. 2011 Mar;36(3):256-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21146319


34) Tharp-Taylor S, Haviland A, D'Amico EJ. Victimization from mental and physical bullying and substance use in early adolescence. Addict Behav. 2009 Jun-Jul;34(6-7):561-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19398162


35) Srabstein J, Piazza T. Public health, safety and educational risks associated with bullying behaviors in American adolescents. Int J Adolesc Med Health. 2008 Apr-Jun;20(2):223-33. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18714558